In order to study the influence of roughness on the shear mechanical properties of granite-concrete bonded specimens, the structural plane was obtained by splitting method, and the roughness coefficient JRC was obtained by scanning with a three-dimensional morphographer. The test results show that the general trend of the shear stress-strain curves of granite-concrete bonded specimens with different roughness is not much different, but with the increase of roughness, the shear softening characteristics of the specimens become more and more obvious, and the peak shear strength increases with the increase of roughness. In addition, due to the different undulation patterns of the structural planes of the specimens with different roughnesses, the shear failure modes of the specimens will change. The AE energy and ringing count both increase with the increase of roughness, and the cumulative AE ringing count and energy values of the specimens with different roughness can reflect the relative strength of the shear failure of the specimens. The analysis of the AE b value shows that the failure of the bond surface is accompanied by the development of internal cracks, and the larger the roughness, the smaller the AE b value. The research results can provide reference value for the shear failure behavior of granite-concrete interface in engineering.