The integrated sensing and communication optical network imposes contradictory requirements on optical cables, demanding that they possess strong impact resistance to ensure communication stability and high sensitivity to measure small dynamic strains. In this study, an approach of coating shear thickening materials onto the optical fiber is proposed to address tackle the contradictory demands. By alternately coating shear-thickening fluid (STF) and shear-stiffening gel (SSG) six times, the diameter of the fiber increases from 240.599 μm to 279.032 μm. The experimental results show that the average sensitivity of the shear-thickening material-coated fiber is 175.1% that of the uncoated fiber, while the impact resistance is improved by 40.6%. The method offers a feasible solution to balance the conflicting demands in optical fiber design, may trigger the development and application of integrated sensing and communication optical networks.