To enhance the energy dissipation capacity of anti-buckling steel supports and ensure their functional recovery, this paper proposes an assembled anti-buckling steel restrained braces with the embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) tie rods. Cyclic tensile tests were conducted to analyze the hysteresis performance of SMA tie rods at different heat treatment temperatures, and the numerical simulations of assembled anti-buckling steel restrained braces with the embedded SMA tie rods were performed using ABAQUS software. The results shows that all SMA tie rods exhibit a flag-shaped stress-strain curve. SMA rod treated at 400°C exhibits more plump hysteresis loops and the smaller residual deformations, as well as the superior energy dissipation capacity and recoverability compared to SMA tie rods treated at other temperatures. The energy dissipation capacity of anti-buckling steel restrained braces increases with the yield strength of core material, but the reset ratio decreases and recoverability weakens. Increasing the diameter of SMA tie rods reduces the energy dissipation capacity of anti-buckling steel restrained braces, with the equivalent viscous damping ratio decreasing by up to 21.44%, while the reset capacity significantly improves; increasing the cross-sectional area of the inner core only slightly enhances the energy dissipation capacity and weakens the reset effect. The research conclusions can lay the foundation for the engineering application of this new type of anti-buckling restrained braces.