Thin walled hollow piers are widely used in cross line bridge engineering due to their advantages of light weight, high stiffness, and high material utilization. However, vehicle collisions with bridge piers are frequent, resulting in serious consequences such as structural damage and even collapse of the piers. To quantitatively analyze the damage caused by vehicle impact on thin-walled hollow piers, this paper first establishes a high-precision finite element model of the vehicle pier collision system, and compares the impact force time history curve and other indicators between the test and the model through the drop hammer lateral impact reinforced concrete hollow column test, verifying the accuracy of the finite element model of the vehicle pier collision system. Based on the establishment of vehicle pier collision system model, the impact analysis and parameter influence analysis of hollow thin walled pier are carried out，and the damage evolution law of the entire collision process was systematically revealed. The results showed that the collision process exhibited a three-stage characteristic of "local crushing inertia secondary impact bending shear instability", and the impact force time history curve had multi peak characteristics. Finally, taking the residual bearing capacity of the pier after vehicle collision as the damage index, the vulnerability surface of vehicle pier collision is obtained based on the Gaussian regression surrogate model, and the influence of vehicle speed and other parameters on the impact system is quantitatively analyzed