| 张永年,胡晓*,余英俊,洪亮,张奔,石小涛.基于涡量原理的草鱼幼鱼力学特性研究[J].实验力学,2020,35(5):915~924 |
| 基于涡量原理的草鱼幼鱼力学特性研究 |
| Study on mechanical characteristics of grass carp juveniles based on vorticity method |
| 投稿时间：2019-10-11 修订日期：2020-01-13 |
| DOI：10.7520/1001-4888-19-185 |
| 中文关键词: 自由游泳 涡量 推力 推进效率 PIV |
| 英文关键词:free swimming vorticity thrust force propulsion efficiency PIV |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目 (51609125);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目(T201703) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究草鱼幼鱼自由游泳状态下的高效推进模式和动力形成过程，本文利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)和涡量分析原理，对草鱼幼鱼直线、转弯和后退三种游泳状态下的力学特征进行了研究。结果表明，直线和转弯状态下的草鱼幼鱼主要依靠尾鳍推动自身前进，当其后退游泳时，主要动力部位逐渐转移至胸鳍，此时幼鱼受到的推力却不到直线游泳时的50%。通过对草鱼幼鱼直线、转弯和后退三种游泳状态下的推进效率进行对比分析，发现草鱼幼鱼的整体推进效率与尾涡结构、头部偏角符合正态分布规律，且较小的头部偏角(小于15°)与尾涡结构(0.1~0.4)更有利于草鱼幼鱼的高效推进。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the efficient propulsion mode and thrust formation process of grass carp juveniles under free swimming state, the mechanical characteristics under three states including straight-line swimming, turning and retreating of grass carp juveniles are studied using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique and the principle of vorticity analysis. The results show that the juvenile mainly relies on the caudal fin to push itself forward for straight-line swimming and turning, while the propulsive part is gradually shifted to the pectoral fin when it retreats, in which the propulsion of the juvenile for retreating is less than 50% of that for straight-line swimming. Through the comparison of the propulsive efficiency of grass carp juveniles in three swimming states, it is found that the overall propulsive efficiency of grass carp juveniles follows the normal distribution law with the tail vortex structure and head deflection angle. Moreover, the smaller head deflection angle (less than 15°) and tail vortex structure (0.1~0.4) would be more conducive to the propulsive efficiency of grass carp juveniles. |
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