| 徐坤,苏永华*,刘煌海,郭思源.深水位地下渗流诱发的地面塌陷模型试验[J].实验力学,2022,37(2):221~233 |
| 深水位地下渗流诱发的地面塌陷模型试验 |
| Model test of ground collapse induced by groundwater seepage at deep water level |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-02 修订日期：2021-04-02 |
| DOI：10.7520/1001-4888-21-040 |
| 中文关键词: 深水位渗流 常水头 模型试验 影响因素 塌陷模式 |
| 英文关键词:deep water level seepage constant head model test influencing factors collapse mode |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51878266) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 606 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究深水位渗流侵蚀致塌问题，设计了一种常水头平面应变试验装置，测试不同土样的物理特性，观测塌陷的形成过程，探讨含水量、黏土含量、盐粒级配对空腔尺寸、模型表面沉降以及塌陷状态的不同影响。试验结果表明：土样的力学性能和渗透系数均会随土样成分的不同而产生较大波动；试验过程可分为空腔水下扩展、空腔水上扩展、模型塌陷3个阶段，最终塌陷形成塌陷坑与松动区；含水量通过影响毛细吸力和吸附吸力，使各组空腔扩展速率、沉降量增速以及塌陷状态都表现出较大的差异；黏土提升了土体强度，沉降总量、试验总时长与黏土含量成正相关，塌陷坑随着黏土含量的增高由漏斗型变为垂直型；盐粒的加入改变了土体力学性能和渗透系数，减缓了空腔扩展速率，增大了临界空腔面积，使塌陷模式发生转变，沉降量的增速与细粒盐质量占比成正相关；塌陷模式是临界空腔面积、塌落体面积、塌陷时排出模型的砂土面积、土体膨胀系数以及临界空腔的宽度共同作用的结果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the problem of collapse caused by seepage erosion at deep water level, a plane strain test device with constant head is designed, the material properties of different soil are tested, and the formation process of collapse is observed. The effects of water content, clay content and salt grading on cavity size, model surface settlement and collapse state are discussed. The test results show that the mechanical properties and the permeability coefficient of soil fluctuate greatly with different compositions of soil. The test process can be divided into three stages: the cavity expansion under water, the cavity expansion over water, and the model collapse; the collapse pit and the loose area are formed eventually. The water content affects capillary suction and adsorption suction, inducing great differences among the cavity expansion rate, the settlement growth rate and the collapse state of each group. Clay increases the strength of the soil, there is a positive correlation between the total settlement and the total test time and the clay content, and the collapse pit changes from a funnel type to a vertical type as the clay content increases. The addition of salt particles changes the mechanical properties and permeability coefficient of the soil, slows down the expansion rate of the cavity, increases the critical cavity area, and changes the collapse mode; the growth rate of the sedimentation volume is positively correlated with the proportion of the fine-grained salt mass. The collapse mode is the result of the combined effect of the critical cavity area, the area of the collapsed body, the area of sand discharged from the model during collapse, the soil expansion coefficient and the width of the critical cavity. |
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